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ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 1 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product green mode pwm controller description the ap3125 b is a current mode pwm controller which is optimized for high performance, low standby power and cost effective offline flyback converters. the pwm switching frequency at normal operation is internally fixed (about 65khz ). in middle load, the ic will enter green mode to improve system efficiency with the help of frequency foldback . a minimum switching frequency (about 20khz ) is set to avoid th e audible noise. in no load or light load, the ic will enter the burst mode to minimize standby power . furthermore, the f requency dithering function is built - in to reduce emi emission. i nternal slope compensation allows more stable peak - c u rrent mode control over wide range of input voltage and load conditions. internal line compensation ensures constant output power limit over entire universal line voltage range. c omprehensive protection f eatures are included, such as cycle - by - cycle current limit (oc p), vcc over voltage protection (vovp), internal otp , o ver l oad p rotection (olp) and pins fault protection. b u i lt - in b rownout (bno) and line over voltage protection (lovp) are also integrated in AP3125B . features ? very low start - up current ? current mode control ? non - audible - noise green - mode control ? internal slope compensation ? soft start during startup process ? frequency fold back for high average efficiency ? second ary winding short protection with foc p ? soft switching for reducing emi ? vcc maintain mode ? brownout p rotection (bno ) ? line over voltage p rotection ( lovp ) ? useful pin fault protection: sense pin floating sense pin short to groun d fb/opto - coupler open/short ? comprehensive system protection feature: vcc over voltage protection (vovp) over load protection (olp) ? mini size with packages ? pin to pin compatible with ap3105n a/ n v/ n l/ n r ? totally lead - free & fully rohs compliant (note s 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. green device (note 3) pin assignments ( top view) s ot2 6 applications ? switching ac - dc adapter/charger ? atx/btx auxiliary power ? set - top box (stb) power supply ? open frame switching power supply note s: 1 . no purposely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu (rohs 2) compliant. 2. see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporateds definitions of hal ogen - and antimony - free, "green" and lead - f ree . 3. halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds . 1 2 3 4 5 p i n 1 m a r k 6 g n d f b b n o g a t e v c c s e n s e
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 2 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product typical applications circuit pin description s pin number p in name function 1 gnd signal ground. current return for driver and control circuits 2 fb feedback. directly connected to the opto - coupler 3 bno control b rownout p rotection 4 sense current s ense 5 vcc supply voltage of driver and control circuits 6 gate gate driver output ~ ~ + - v c c g n d g a t e f b s e n s e b n o ~ a z 4 3 1 a p 3 1 2 5 b l 2 t 1 r 1 3 c 7 c 6 c 8 r 1 4 r 1 5 r 1 6 r 1 7 r 1 8 c 9 c 1 0 r 1 2 r 1 1 r 1 0 r 9 c 5 r 6 r 1 9 c 4 r 5 r 4 c 2 c 1 v r 1 n t c r 2 r 3 f 1 r 7 c 3 c 1 1 r 8 r 2 0 c 2 0
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 3 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product functional block diagram g n d g a t e 2 5 0 n s l e b d r i v e r 1 3 v o s c w i t h f r e q u e n c y j i t t e r 0 . 9 5 v v c c _ o v p o l p v c c 3 2 v 2 8 v v c c _ o v p u v l o 1 6 v 7 . 6 v i n t e r n a l b i a s a u t o r e c o v e r y p r o t e c t i o n a p 3 1 2 5 b f b r 2 r p w m 0 . 3 v 1 . 3 v l a t c h - o f f p r o t e c t i o n 7 0 m s d e b o u n c e o l p f o c p o c p s s s s v d d s o f t s t a r t 1 . 8 0 v f o c p q d c l k r b d f f o t p v c c v d d o t p 1 5 0 o c / 1 2 5 o c b n o 0 . 9 5 v 4 . 2 v 5 . 5 v l i n e _ o v p b r o w n o u t 0 . 9 v 5 0 m s d e b o u n c e l i n e _ o v p b r o w n o u t s e n s e 6 3 4 1 2 5 l i n e c o m p e n s a t i o n
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 4 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product absolute maximum ratings ( note 4 ) symbol parameter rating unit v cc power supply voltage 30 v i o gate output current 350 ma v fb , v sense , v bno input voltage to fb, sense, bno - 0.3 to 7 v ja thermal resistance (junction to ambient) 250 c /w p d power dissipation at t a < + 25 c 500 mw t j operating junction temperature - 40 to + 150 c t stg storage temperature range + 150 c C esd ( human body model) 3 000 v C esd ( machine model) 300 v note 4 : stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stres s ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is n ot implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. recommended operatin g conditions symbol parameter min max unit v cc supply voltage 10 2 5 v
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 5 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product electrical characteristics (@ t a = + 25c, v cc = 16v, unless otherwise specified .) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit supply voltage (vcc pin) i startup startup current C C 1 10 a i cc operating supply current v fb =0v, c l =1nf 0.5 0.7 1 ma v fb =3v, c l =0nf 0.6 1.2 2.0 C u vlo (on) C 14.5 15.8 16.5 v C v cc maintain C 8.6 9.1 9.6 v C u vlo (off) C 7.1 7.6 8.1 v C v cc ovp C 27 28.5 30 v C v cc clamp i cc =5ma 31 34 C v pwm section/oscillator section C maximum duty cycle C 70 75 80 % C oscillation frequency C 60 65 70 khz C green mode frequency C 20 C 30 khz ? C frequency temperature stability - 2 0 c to + 125 c (note 5 ) C C 5 % ? C frequency voltage stability v cc =12v to 30v C C 3 % ? C frequency dithering C 4 6 8 % ? current sense section (sense pin) v c s maximum sense voltage v fb = 4.5 v 0.9 0.95 1 v C focp voltage C 1.5 1.7 1.9 v C s ense shorted protection threshold C C 0.1 C v C leb time of sense C 150 250 350 ns C delay to output (note 5 ) C C 100 C ns C soft - start time C 3 5 8 ms feedback input section (fb pin) C the ratio of input voltage to current sense voltage C 2.5 3 3.5 v /v C input impedance C 12 1 5 1 8 k C source current v fb =0v - 0.2 - 0.27 - 0.34 ma C green mode threshold C C 2.1 C v C input voltage for zero duty C 1.3 1.55 1.8 v output section (gate pin) C output low level i o =20ma, v cc =12v C C 1 v C output high level i o =20ma, v cc =12v 8 C C v C output clamping voltage C 11 13 15 v C rising time (note 5 ) c l = 1nf, v cc =13v C 150 250 ns C falling time (note 5 ) c l =1nf, v cc =13v C 50 100 ns
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 6 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product electrical characteristics (cont.) (@ t a = + 25c, v cc = 16v, unless otherwise specified .) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit brownout section (bno pin) C b rown - in voltage C 0.93 0.95 0.97 v C b rownout voltage C 0.88 0.9 0.92 v C clamp ing voltage i clamp =1ma C 5.5 C v C line ovp C 4.1 4.2 4.3 v delay time section C delay of short circuit protection C C 70 C ms C delay of hiccup protection vcc ovp C 5 C c ycles C d e - bounce time of brownout C C 50 C ms i nternal otp section C otp e nter C C + 150 C c C otp e xit C C + 125 C c note 5 : guaranteed by design.
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 7 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product performance characteristics start up voltage v s. ambient temperature shutdown voltage vs. ambient temperature start up current v s. ambient temperature operating current v s . ambient temperature bno utilization for brownout b n o c b u c k -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 13 14 15 16 17 18 startup voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 v fb =3v, c l =0 operating current (ma) ambient tempture ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 startup current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 shutdown voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c)
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 8 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product operation description the AP3125B is specifically designed for off - line ac - dc power supply used in lcd monitor, notebook adapter and battery charger applications. it offers a cost effective solution with a versatile protection function. start - up current and uvlo the start - up current of AP3125B is optimized to realize ultra low current ( 1 ? a typical) so that vcc capacitor can be charged more quickly. the direct benefit of low start - up current is the availability of using large start - up resistor, which minimizes the resistor power loss for high voltage ac input. an uvlo comparator is included in AP3125B to detect the voltage on vcc pin. it ensures that AP3125B can draw adequate energy from hold - up capacitor during power - on. the turn - on threshold is 1 6 v and the turn - off threshold is 7 .6v. current sense comparator and pwm latch the AP3125B operate s as a current mode controller, the output switch conduction is initiated by every oscillator cycle and is terminated when the peak inductor current reaches the threshold level established by the fb pin. the inductor current signal is converted to a voltage signal by inserting a reference sense resistor r s . the inductor current under normal operating conditions is controlled by the voltage at fb pin. the relation between peak inductor current (i pk ) and v fb is: moreover, focp with 1.8v t hreshold is only about 100 n s delay, which can avoid some catastrophic damages such as secondary rectifier short test. few drive cycles can alleviate the destruction range and get better protection. leading - edge blanking a narrow spike on the leading edge of the current waveform can usually be observed when the power mosfet is turned on. a 250ns leading - edge blank is built - in to prevent the false - triggeri ng caused by the turn - on spike. during this period, the current limit comparator is disabled and the gate driver can not be switched off. at the time of turning off the mosfet, a negative undershoot (maybe larger than - 0.3v) can occur on the sense pin. so it is strongly recommended to add a small rc filter or at least connect a resistor r on this pin to protect the ic (shown as figure 1 ). figure 1 built - in slope compensation it is well known that a continuous current mode smps may become unstable when the duty cycle exceeds 50%. the built - in slope compensation can improve the stability, so there is no need for design engineer to spend much time on that. fb pin and short circuit protection this pin is normally connected to the opto - coupler and always paralleled with a capacitor for loop compensation. when the voltage at this pin is greater than 4. 5 v and lasts for about 70 ms, the ic will enter the protection mode. for AP3125B , the system will enter hiccup mode to wait the v cc decreasing to low uvlo level, then the ic will try to restart until the failure removed. and when this voltage is less than 1.55v, the ic will stop th e drive pulse immediately. therefore, this feature can be used for short circuit protection, which makes the system immune from damage. normally, output short makes the v fb value to the maximum because the opto - coupler is cut off. v cc maintain mode durin g light load or step load, v fb will drop and be lower than 1.55v, thus the pwm drive signal will be stopped, and there is no more new energy transfer r ed due to no switching. therefore, the ic supply voltage may reduce to the shutdown threshold voltage and system may enter the unexpected restart mode. to avoid this, the AP3125B hold a so - called v cc maintain mode which can supply energy to vcc. when v cc decreases to a setting threshold, the v cc maintain comparator will output some drive signal to make the system switch and provide a proper energy to vcc pin. the v cc maintain function will cooperate with the pwm and burst mode loop which can make the outp ut voltage variation be within the regulation. this mode is very useful for reducing startup resistor loss and achiev ing a better standby performance with a low value vcc capacitor. the v cc is not easy to touch the shutdown threshold during the startup pro cess and step load. this will also simplify the system design. the minimum v cc voltage is suggested to be designed a little higher than v cc maintain threshold thus can achieve the best balance between the standby and step load performance system protection and pin fault protection the AP3125B provides versatile system and pin fault protections. the ocp comparator realizes the cycle - by - cycle current limiting (ocp). in universal input line voltage, the ic realizes the constant over load protection (olp). vcc over voltage protection can be applied as the primary ovp or opt o - coupler broken protection. the AP3125B also has pin fault connection protection including floating and short connection. the floating pin protection includ e s the sense, fb, etc. the short pin protection includes the ctrl pin short protection. when these pins are floated or ctrl pin is shorted to ground, pwm switching will be disabled, thus protecting the power system. s fb pk r v i 3 / ) 8 . 0 ( ? ? f b s e n s e g a t e g n d b n o 6 1 3 4 a p 3 1 2 5 b v c c 5 2 l a r g e u n d e r s h o o t ( m o r e t h a n - 0 . 3 v ) m a y d a m a g e t h e s e n s e p i n r c n e c e s s a r y
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 9 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product operation description (cont.) brownout protection function to avoid potential high current stress at low line voltage, ap3125 b introduces reliable brown out protection. ac line voltage information is sampled through a voltage divider net - work, adjust ing the divider ratio to achieve expected brown out protection voltage. a typical 0.1n f capacitor is strongly recommended to parallel with bno pin to bypass a ny accidental spike in ac line for prevent ing false trigger. when the voltage across bno pin is higher than 0.95v and v cc reaches uvlo/on, the g ate pin will output drive signal s . if the bno voltage falls below 0.9v and lasts for 50 ms, the g ate pin will turn off and the system will enter hiccup mode until the li ne voltage rises over its brown - in voltage again. i nternal otp protection function t he AP3125B integrates an internal temperature sensor. i t has a trigger window of + 15 0 c enter and + 125c exit. the internal otp protection mode is auto - recovery mode. ordering information package part number marking id packing sot26 ap 3125b ktr - g1 glv 3 000/ t ape & reel *product version classification ( with different protection functions ) product version frequency vovp olp & socp bno lovp ap 3125b 65khz auto - recoverable auto - recoverable auto - recoverable latch mark ing information ( top view) : logo xxx: marking id ( see o rdering i nformation ) diodes ics pb - free products with "g1" suffix in the part number, are rohs compliant and green . a p 3 1 2 5 x x x x x x - g 1 p a c k i n g p a c k a g e t r : t a p e & r e e l k : s o t 2 6 g 1 : g r e e n p r o d u c t n a m e r o h s / g r e e n p r o d u c t v e r s i o n * b : a p 3 1 2 5 b
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 10 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product package outline dimensions (all d imensions in mm ( inch ) . ) (1) package t ype: sot26 2 . 8 2 0 ( 0 . 1 1 1 ) 3 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 1 2 2 ) 2 . 6 5 0 ( 0 . 1 0 4 ) 3 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 1 1 8 ) 1 . 5 0 0 ( 0 . 0 5 9 ) 1 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 0 6 7 ) 0 . 9 5 0 ( 0 . 0 3 7 ) t y p 1 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 0 7 1 ) 2 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 7 9 ) 0 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 1 2 ) 0 . 5 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 0 ) 0 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 8 ) r e f 0 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 4 ) 0 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 8 ) 0 8 0 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 8 ) 0 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 1 2 ) 0 . 6 0 0 ( 0 . 0 2 4 ) 0 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 0 ) 0 . 1 5 0 ( 0 . 0 0 6 ) 0 . 9 0 0 ( 0 . 0 3 5 ) 1 . 3 0 0 ( 0 . 0 5 1 ) 1 . 4 5 0 ( 0 . 0 5 7 ) m a x 1 2 3 4 5 6 p i n 1 m a r k
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 11 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product suggested pad layout (1) package t ype: sot26 dimensions z (mm)/(inch) g (mm)/(inch) x (mm)/(inch) y (mm)/(inch) e (mm)/(inch) value 3.600/0.142 1.600/0.063 0.700/0.028 1.000/0.039 0.950/0.037
ap31 25b document number: ds 36659 rev . 3 - 2 12 of 12 www.diodes.com july 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap31 25b a product line of diodes incorporated new product important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of t his document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diod es incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthor ized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application , customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising ou t of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or fore ign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of this document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems witho ut the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices o r systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expe cted to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect it s safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support d evices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety - related requirements concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 201 4 , diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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